Facebook公司CEO扎克伯格（Mark Elliot Zuckerberg）于当地时间2018年4月10日出席美国参议院听证会，就Facebook如何处理用户数据和隐私等问题接受参议员质询。

 

出席本次听证会的参议员共有44位，接近美国参议院人数（100位）的一半，而质询的对象却只是一家公司的CEO，这于美国历史上相当罕见。

 

大家可以先来回顾一下扎克伯格听证会上半场的视频，视频较长，小扎的发言从第10分钟开始~

 

抛开那些娱乐亮点，这里整理了一份小扎的开场发言稿（全文中英对照）。小扎语言平实，逻辑严谨，叙事清晰，条理通畅。

本文很长，但细读过后，你的英语水平能提高300多级，而且你还将感慨：

为什么扎克伯格能成为Facebook的创始人，全球拥有20亿用户，这一切都是有原因的。

 

 

INTRODUCTION  介绍

 

Chairman Walden, Ranking Member Pallone, and Members of the Committee,

华登（Walden）主席，帕龙（Pallone）高级成员，以及委员会成员们，

We face a number of important issues around privacy, safety, and democracy, and you will rightfully have some hard questions for me to answer.

我们在隐私、安全、民主等方面面临着许多重要问题，你肯定有很多我难以回答的问题要问我。

Before I talk about the steps we're taking to address them, I want to talk about how we got here.

在我谈论我们要采取的措施之前，我想谈谈我们是如何走到今天的。

Facebook is an idealistic and optimistic company. For most of our existence, we focused on all the good that connecting people can bring.

Facebook是一个充满理想主义和乐观精神的公司。对于我们大多数人来说，我们关注的是将人们联系起来所能带来的所有好处。

As Facebook has grown, people everywhere have gotten a powerful new tool to stay connected to the people they love, make their voices heard, and build communities and businesses.

随着Facebook的发展，世界各地的人们都有了一个强大的新工具，可以与他们所爱的人保持联系，让他们的声音得到倾听，并以此建立社区和企业。

Just recently, we've seen the #metoo movement and the March for Our Lives, organized, at least in part, on Facebook. After Hurricane Harvey, people raised more than $20 million for relief. And more than 70 million small businesses now use Facebook to grow and create jobs.

就在最近，我们看到了“我也是（#metoo）”运动和“奔向我们的生活”行动在Facebook上展开。在哈维飓风之后，人们在Facebook上帮助筹集了2000多万美元用于救灾。现在有7000多万家小企业使用Facebook，以增加和创造就业机会。

But it's clear now that we didn't do enough to prevent these tools from being used for harm as well. That goes for fake news, foreign interference in elections, and hate speech, as well as developers and data privacy.

但现在很明显，我们没有采取足够的措施来防止这些工具被用于伤害。这些伤害包括：假新闻，外国势力对选举的干涉，仇恨言论，以及开发者和数据隐私。

We didn't take a broad enough view of our responsibility, and that was a big mistake. It was my mistake, and I'm sorry. I started Facebook, I run it, and I'm responsible for what happens here.

我们对自己的责任没有足够的认识，这是一个很大的错误。这是我的错，我很抱歉。我创建了Facebook，经营它，我就要对这里发生的所有事情负责。

So now we have to go through every part of our relationship with people and make sure we're taking a broad enough view of our responsibility.

因此，现在我们必须审查我们与用户关系的每一个环节，并确保我们对自己的责任有足够广泛的认知。

It's not enough to just connect people, we have to make sure those connections are positive.

仅仅“将人们联系起来”是不够的，我们必须确保这些联系是积极正面的。

It's not enough to just give people a voice, we have to make sure people aren't using it to hurt people or spread misinformation.

仅仅给人们一个声音是不够的，我们必须确保人们不会用它来伤害别人或传播错误信息。

It's not enough to give people control of their information, we have to make sure developers they've given it to are protecting it too.

仅仅让用户控制好他们的信息是不够的，我们必须确保那些授权给开发商的信息也受到保护。

Across the board, we have a responsibility to not just build tools, but to make sure those tools are used for good.

在整个董事会中，我们不仅有责任创建工具，而且要确保这些工具被正确地使用。

It will take some time to work through all of the changes we need to make, but I'm committed to getting it right.

我们需要一些时间来完成所有这些改变，但我有决心把它做好。

That includes improving the way we protect people's information and safeguard elections around the world. Here are a few key things we're doing:

这些改变包括：完善用户信息保护，保障世界各地的选举不受操控。以下是我们正在做的一些关键的事情：

 

CAMBRIDGE ANALYTICA  剑桥分析公司

 

Over the past few weeks, we've been working to understand exactly what happened with Cambridge Analytica and taking steps to make sure this doesn't happen again.

在过去的几个星期里，我们一直在努力了解剑桥分析公司到底发生了什么，并正在采取措施，确保此种情况不会再次发生。

We took important actions to prevent this from happening again today four years ago, but we also made mistakes, there's more to do, and we need to step up and do it.

我们重拳出击，防止四年前的错误再次重演，但是我们也出过差错，下面还有更多的事情要做，我们需要站出来完成这些事情。

A. What Happened

A. 发生了什么事

In 2007, we launched the Facebook Platform with the vision that more apps should be social.

2007年，我们推出了Facebook平台，其愿景是让更多的应用程序变得社交化。

Your calendar should be able to show your friends' birthdays, your maps should show where your friends live, and your address book should show their pictures. To do this, we enabled people to log into apps and share who their friends were and some information about them.

你的日历应该能够显示你朋友的生日，你的地图应该显示你的朋友住在哪里，你的地址簿应该显示他们的照片。为了做到这一点，我们让人们登录应用程序，分享他们的朋友和相关信息。

In 2013, a Cambridge University researcher named Aleksandr Kogan created a personality quiz app. It was installed by around 300,000 people who agreed to share some of their Facebook information as well as some information from their friends whose privacy settings allowed it.

2013年，剑桥大学(Cambridge University)的一名研究人员亚历山大·科根(Aleksandr Kogan)创建了一款个性测试应用程序，约30万名用户安装了它。人们同意分享自己及朋友在Facebook上的信息，这些朋友的隐私设置允许这些信息被访问。

Given the way our platform worked at the time this meant Kogan was able to access some information about tens of millions of their friends.

考虑到我们的平台当时的运作方式，这意味着科根能够访问数以百万计用户的朋友的信息。

In 2014, to prevent abusive apps, we announced that we were changing the entire platform to dramatically limit the Facebook information apps could access.

2014年，为了防止应用程序被滥用，我们宣布，我们正在修改整个平台，以极大地限制Facebook信息应用程序的访问权限。

Most importantly, apps like Kogan's could no longer ask for information about a person's friends unless their friends had also authorized the app.

最重要的是，像科根这样的应用程序，除非用户的朋友也授权了这个应用程序，否则该应用就不能再向用户的朋友索取信息了。

We also required developers to get approval from Facebook before they could request any data beyond a user's public profile, friend list, and email address.

我们还要求开发者在请求用户授权除公开资料、好友列表和电子邮箱等之外的数据前，先得到Facebook的批准。

These actions would prevent any app like Kogan's from being able to access as much Facebook data today.

这些行动将会阻止科根这类应用程序大量访问Facebook数据。

In 2015, we learned from journalists at The Guardian that Kogan had shared data from his app with Cambridge Analytica.

2015年，我们从《卫报》记者那里了解到，科根把应用程序中的数据共享给了剑桥分析公司。

It is against our policies for developers to share data without people's consent, so we immediately banned Kogan's app from our platform, and demanded that Kogan and other entities he gave the data to, including Cambridge Analytica, formally certify that they had deleted all improperly acquired data — which they ultimately did.

开发人员未经用户同意共享数据，这违背了我们的政策。我们立即禁止了科根的应用平台，并要求他和其他从科根处共享数据的公司（包括剑桥分析），正式证明他们已经删除所有不正当获取数据——他们最后也照做了。

Last month, we learned from The Guardian, The New York Times and Channel 4 that Cambridge Analytica may not have deleted the data as they had certified.

上个月，我们从《卫报》、《纽约时报》和电视新闻第四频道了解到，剑桥分析公司可能还保留着他们声称已经删除的数据。

We immediately banned them from using any of our services. Cambridge Analytica claims they have already deleted the data and has agreed to a forensic audit by a firm we hired to investigate this.

我们立即禁止剑桥分析公司使用我们的任何服务。剑桥分析公司声称他们已经删除了这些数据，并同意由我们雇佣的公司进行法务审计。

We're also working with the U.K. Information Commissioner's Office, which has jurisdiction over Cambridge Analytica, as it completes its investigation into what happened.

我们还与对剑桥分析公司有管辖权的英国信息专员办公室合作，对发生的事情进行了调查。

B. What We Are Doing

B. 我们正在做什么

We have a responsibility to make sure what happened with Kogan and Cambridge Analytica doesn't happen again. Here are some of the steps we're taking:

我们有责任确保科根和剑桥分析公司发生的事情不会重演。以下是我们采取的一些措施：

Safeguarding our platform. We need to make sure that developers like Kogan who got access to a lot of information in the past can't get access to as much information going forward.

加强平台安全防护。我们需要确保像科根这样在过去获取了大量信息的开发者无法获得更多信息。

1. We made some big changes to the Facebook platform in 2014 to dramatically restrict the amount of data that developers can access and to proactively review the apps on our platform. This makes it so a developer today can't do what Kogan did years ago.

2014年，我们在Facebook平台上做出了重大改变，以极大地限制开发者的数据访问量，并在平台上积极审查应用程序。科根多年前进行的数据窃取，在今天已是不可能发生的了。

2. But there's more we can do here to limit the information developers can access and put more safeguards in place to prevent abuse.

但是，在限制信息开发者访问信息方面，我们还可以做得更多，并设置更多的安全措施来防止滥用。

— We're removing developers' access to your data if you haven't used their app in three months.

- 如果你在三个月内没有使用过他们的应用程序，我们将移除开发者对你数据的访问权限。

— We're reducing the data you give an app when you approve it to only your name, profile photo, and email address. That's a lot less than apps can get on any other major app platform.

- 当你批准一个应用时，我们将你能分享的个人信息限制在你的名字、头像和电子邮件地址。这比应用程序在任何其他主流应用平台上获得的信息都要少得多。

— We're requiring developers to not only get approval but also to sign a contract that imposes strict requirements in order to ask anyone for access to their posts or other private data.

- 我们要求开发人员不仅要获得批准，还要签署一份合同，合同对请求访问用户的帖子或其他个人数据做了严格的要求。

— We're restricting more APIs like groups and events. You should be able to sign into apps and share your public information easily, but anything that might also share other people's information — like other posts in groups you're in or other people going to events you're going to — will be much more restricted.

- 我们对更多的API进行限制，比如群组与活动。你应该能够登录应用程序，轻松地分享你的公开信息，但是任何可能涉及分享他人信息的东西——比如你所在的群组里其他帖子或者你将要参加的活动——都会受到更大的限制。

— Two weeks ago, we found out that a feature that lets you look someone up by their phone number and email was abused. This feature is useful in cases where people have the same name, but it was abused to link people's public Facebook information to a phone number they already had. When we found out about the abuse, we shut this feature down.

- 两个星期前，我们发现了一个让你通过电话号码和电子邮件查找某人的功能被滥用了。这个功能在区分拥有相同名字用户的情况下是有用的，但它被滥用于将人们的公共Facebook信息与他们的电话号码联系起来。当我们发现滥用的时候，我们关闭了这个功能。

3. Investigating other apps. We're in the process of investigating every app that had access to a large amount of information before we locked down our platform in 2014. If we detect suspicious activity, we'll do a full forensic audit. And if we find that someone is improperly using data, we'll ban them and tell everyone affected.

调查其他应用程序。我们正在调查2014年锁定平台之前，每一个能获得大量信息的应用程序。如果我们发现可疑的活动，我们将进行全面的法务审计。如果我们发现有人不正当地使用数据，我们会禁止他们，并向外界公布。

4. Building better controls. Finally, we're making it easier to understand which apps you've allowed to access your data. This week we started showing everyone a list of the apps you've used and an easy way to revoke their permissions to your data. You can already do this in your privacy settings, but we're going to put it at the top of News Feed to make sure everyone sees it. And we also told everyone whose Facebook information may have been shared with Cambridge Analytica.

构建更好的管控措施。最后，我们让你更容易理解，哪些应用程序可以访问你的数据。本周，我们开始向每个用户展示你所使用的应用程序列表，以及撤销这些应用对你数据权限的简单方法。你可以在隐私设置中更改设置，但是我们将把该设置选项放在新闻提要的顶部，以确保每个人都能看到它。我们还告诉每个用户，他们的Facebook信息可能已经与剑桥分析公司共享。

Beyond the steps we had already taken in 2014, I believe these are the next steps we must take to continue to secure our platform.

除了我们在2014年已经采取的措施之外，我相信以上这些是我们必须采取的下一步行动，以确保我们平台的安全。

 

 

RUSSIAN ELECTION INTERFERENCE  俄罗斯干扰（美国）大选

 

Facebook's mission is about giving people a voice and bringing people closer together.

Facebook的使命是让用户发声，让用户更密切交流。

Those are deeply democratic values and we're proud of them. I don't want anyone to use our tools to undermine democracy. That's not what we stand for.

这些都是非常民主的价值观，我们为此感到骄傲。我不希望任何人使用Facebook破坏民主。这违背了我们的立场。

We were too slow to spot and respond to Russian interference, and we're working hard to get better. Our sophistication in handling these threats is growing and improving quickly.

我们确实对俄罗斯（对美国）的大选干预反应迟钝，并正在努力地改进。我们处理这些威胁的熟练程度正在迅速提高。

We will continue working with the government to understand the full extent of Russian interference, and we will do our part not only to ensure the integrity of free and fair elections around the world, but also to give everyone a voice and to be a force for good in democracy everywhere.

我们将继续与政府合作，全面了解俄罗斯的干扰，并将做好我们应做的一切，不仅确保世界各地的自由公平选举的完整性，也保证每个用户的发言权，并为无处不在的民主提供力量。